Research Topic

- Universal linear transformation and application on optical computing

- Integrated orbital angular momentum (OAM) devices

- Photonic integrated circuit and devices

Representative Result

Universal linear optical operations on discrete phase-coherent spatial modes

(1) Taking inspirations from the conjugate pair of OAM state, i.e., angle state, the concept of the physically realizable quasi-angle state with high dimensionality is developed. Based on quasi-angle state, a method for high dimensional matrix transformation is proposed, in which any linear operator can be decomposed into just two processes, namely beam splitting and recombining(Phys. Rev. A 95 (3): 33827, (2017), also Highlighted as the Editor’s Suggestion). Recently, we have demonstrated the unitary transformation matrix with dimensionalities ranging from 7 to 24 with corresponding fidelities from 95.1% to 82.1% as well as a  non-unitary matrix for the tomography of a 4-level quantum system a fidelity of 94.9%. (J. Opt. 21, 104003, (2019), special issue of “Twisted Waves and Fields”).

(2)  A simple and flexible scheme for high-dimensional linear quantum operations is demonstrated. The quantum Fourier transformation (QFT) and quantum state tomography (QST) via symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measures (SIC POVMs) are implemented with dimensionality of 15. According to the experimental results, the matrix fidelity of QFT is 0.85, while the statistical fidelity of SIC POVMs and fidelity of QST are around 0.97 and up to 0.853, respectively. The dimensionality of 15 is the highest dimension reported to the best of our knowledge. We believe that our approach has the potential for further exploration of high-dimensional spatial entanglement provided by spontaneous parametric down conversion in nonlinear crystals. Furthermore, the architecture to realize Shor’s algorithm with our setup is also proposed. (Physical Review Applied, 14(2), 024027, (2020))

Integrated orbital angular momentum (OAM) emitter

(1) Integrated orbital angular momentum (OAM) encoder/decoder: Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of beams on chip is proposed for wireless optical interconnects and a full scheme of encoding and decoding of OAM is demonstrated with numerical simulation. With proposed structure, beams with OAM order of -3 to 4 is generated and four orders of them (0~3) are used encoding and decoding data so that the increased data density of two folds is achieved. According to such results, we believe that if OAM as an additional dimension is utilized in wireless optical interconnects, the data density can be increased significantly since the adopted orders of OAM could be infinite in principle. Moreover, such improvement could be easily applied to the existing optical interconnects without any more complex technology (Optics Express, 20(24), pp. 26986-26995, (2012)).

(2) Integrated “Cobweb” and “Cogwheel” emitter with a wide switching range of OAM Modes: An integrated "cobweb" emitter with a wide switching range of OAM modes is demonstrated. The independence of the micro-ring cavity and the gratings unit provides the flexibility to design the device and optimize the performance. Specifically, the dynamic switching of 9 OAM modes (l = ?4~4) with azimuthal polarization has been demonstrated with electrically controlled thermo-optical effect (Scientific Reports 6: 22512, (2016)). Moreover, the superposition of optical vortex beams is also demonstrated with a variable amplitude splitter and an orbital angular momentum emitter. With fixed wavelength and power of incident beam, the OAM flux of the radiated optical superimposed vortex beam can be dynamically tuned. The experimental results confirm the tunability of superimposed vortex beams with topological charge of l=-5~5. (Scientific Reports 5, 10958, (2015)).  

(3) Plasmonic vortex: As a fundamental tool for light-matter interactions, plasmonic vortex (PV) is extremely attractive due to its unique near field properties. However, it is hard to dynamically and continuously tune the orbital angular momentum (OAM) carried by PVs and the properties of fractional PVs are still not well investigated. We have proposed a novel method of utilizing the propagation induced radial phase gradient of incident Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam to sculpture PVs from integer to fractional OAM dynamically. Furthermore, a series of plasmonic devices are proposed to generate multi-patterned and two-dimensional optical lattice with helicity or not. With the compactness and flexible tunability, we believe that this work would facilitate the utilization of optical lattice in various on-chip applications (Scientific Reports 6: 36269, (2016), Optics Letters 41 (7), 1478-1481, (2016)). Recently, based on phase modulated metallic nano-slits array, an angular momentum (AM) beam splitter has been demonstrated to distinguish both spin and orbital components carried by light beam. Experimentally, the extinction ratio for spin AM beam splitting is larger than 10 and the spatial interval of adjacent orbital AM modes is more than 1.1 μm. We believe that our proposed device would be great potential to achieve highly compact photonic integrated circuit with plasmonic wave. (ACS Photonics, 2020, 7(1): 212-220) 

Integrated optoelectronic device

(1) Integrated silicon modulator based on microring array assisted MZI: A silicon modulator with microring array assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is experimentally demonstrated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer through CMOS-compatible process. The footprint of the whole modulator is about 600 μm2. With forward-biased current-driven p-n junction, the voltage length product is measured as low as VπL < 6.63 × 10-3 V・cm while the 3-dB modulation bandwidth is ~ 2GHz. Furthermore, the impact of ambient temperature is minified with the help of MZI. Within temperature range of 10 ~ 70oC, the maximum divergence of modulation curve is less than ~ 3 dB (Optics Express, 22 (9):10550-10558, (2014)).

(2) All silicon photonic integrated circuits based on silicon light source and slot waveguide operating at 1064 nm: Silicon slot waveguides operating at a wavelength of high silicon absorption are fabricated on SOI wafers. The measured transmission loss coefficient is as low as 6 ~ 8 dB/cm at 1064 nm which the bending loss of slot waveguides is measured as 4.1 ~ 4.6 dB/180o with a bending radius of 15 μm. We believe that this work could pave the way to achieve all silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs), which are very promising for future on-chip chemical/biological analysis. (IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28(1): 19-22, (2016), Optics Communications 359: 129?134, (2016)，Optics Communications , 306, pp131?134, (2013), Optics Communications, 306: 131?134, (2013)). For the silicon light source, plasmonic enhancement of amorphous-silicon-nitride (?-SiNx) light emission with single-layer gold (Au) waveguides was experimentally demonstrated through time-resolved photoluminescence measurement. The maximum Purcell factor value of ~3 is achieved with identified plasmonic resonance of the Au waveguide at ~530 nm. (This work was selected as “10 Breakthroughs of China Optics in 2013”)

(3) Microwave photonic filter based on integrated optical processor: Tunable and reconfigurable microwave photonic filters have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated on silicon-on-insulator substrate. For bandpass filter, the operating frequency and -3-dB bandwidth can be tuned from 18 to 40 GHz and from 5 to 15 GHz, respectively (IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 24(17):1502-1505, (2012)). To our knowledge, it is the first on-chip demonstration of tunable and reconfigurable microwave photonic filters. Furthermore, bandstop filter has also been demonstrated. (IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology 31(23):3668-3675, (2013))

(4) Integrated photonic reservoir computing based on hierarchical time-multiplexing structure: A micro-ring array (MRA) is employed as a typical time delay implementation of reservoir computing (RC). At the output port of the MRA, a secondary time-multiplexing is achieved by multi-mode interference (MMI) splitter and delay line array. Simulation results indicate that error rate of 0.5% and 2.7% are achieved for signal classification and chaotic time series prediction, respectively, while the sample rate is as high as 1.3Gbps (Optics Express 22(25): 31356-31370, (2014)).

Selected Papers

[1]    Shan Zhang, Shikang Li, Xue Feng*, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Generating heralded single photons with a switchable orbital angular momentum mode”, Photonics Research, 9 (9): 1865-1870 (2021).

[2]    Shikang Li, Baohua Ni, Xue Feng*, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “All-optical Image Identification with Programmable Matrix Transformation”, Optics Express, 29 (17): 26474-26485 (2021).

[3]    Shikang Li, Shan Zhang, Xue Feng*, Stephen M. Barnett, Wei Zhang, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, and Yidong Huang, “Programmable coherent linear quantum operations with high-dimensional optical spatial modes”, Physical Review Applied, 14(2), 024027, (2020).

[4]    Xuesi Zhao, Xue Feng*, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “A Compound Phase-Modulated Beam Splitter to Distinguish Both Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum”, ACS Photonics, 7(1): 212-220, (2020).

[5]    Peng Zhao, Shikang Li, Xue Feng*, Stephen M. Barnett, Wei Zhang, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Yidong Huang, “Universal linear optical operations on discrete phase-coherent spatial modes with a fixed and non-cascaded setup”, Joint special issue on Twisted Waves and Fields，Journal of Optics and Journal of Physics B, J. Opt. 21: 104003, (2019).

[6]    Xuesi Zhao, Xue Feng*, Peng Zhao, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Polarization-controllably launching localized cosine-Gauss beam with spatially varied metallic nano-apertures”, Optics Express, 27 (16): 22053-22073, (2019).

[7]    Shikang Li, Peng Zhao, Xue Feng*, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Measuring the orbital angular momentum spectrum with a single point detector”, Optics Letters, 43(19): 4607-4610 (2018). 

[8]    Dengke Zhang, Xue Feng, and Yidong Huang , “Orbital angular momentum induced by nonabsorbing optical elements through space-variant polarization-state manipulations”, Phys. Rev. A 98 (4): 043845 (2018).

[9]    Peng Zhao, Shikang Li, Yu Wang, Xue Feng*, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Identifying the tilt angle and correcting the orbital angular momentum spectrum dispersion of misaligned light beam”, Scientific Reports 7: 7873, (2017).

[10] Yu Wang, Václav Potoček, Stephen M. Barnett, and Xue Feng*, “Programmable holographic technique for implementing unitary and nonunitary transformations”, Phys. Rev. A 95 (3): 33827, (2017). (also Highlighted as the Editor’s Suggestion)

[11] Peng Zhao, Shikang Li, Xue Feng*, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Measuring the complex orbital angular momentum spectrum of light with a mode-matching method”, Optics Letters, 42(6): 1080-1083, (2017).

[12] Yu Wang, Peng Zhao, Xue Feng*, Yuntao Xu, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Dynamically sculpturing plasmonic vortices: from integer to fractional orbital angular momentum”, Scientific Reports 6: 36269, (2016).

[13] Yu Wang, Peng Zhao, Xue Feng*, Yuntao Xu, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Integrated photonic emitter with a wide switching range of orbital angular momentum modes”, Scientific Reports 6: 22512, (2016).

[14] Yu Wang, Yuntao Xu, Xue Feng*, Peng Zhao, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Optical lattice induced by angular momentum and polygonal plasmonic mode”, Optics Letters 41 (7), 1478-1481, (2016).

[15] Xiangdong Li, Xue Feng*, Xian Xiao, Yihang Li, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, and Yidong Huang, “Silicon Slot Waveguide with Low Transmission and Bending Loss at 1064 nm”,  IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28(1): 19-22, (2016).

[16] Yu Wang, Xue Feng*, Dengke Zhang, Peng Zhao, Xiangdong Li, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, and Yidong Huang, “Generating optical superimposed vortex beam with tunable orbital angular momentum using integrated devices”, Scientific Reports 5: 10958, (2015).

[17] Dengke Zhang, Xue Feng*, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, and Yidong Huang, “Identifying Orbital Angular Momentum of Vectorial Vortices with Pancharatnam Phase and Stokes Parameters”, Scientific Reports 5:11982, (2015).

[18] Xian Xiao, Xiangdong Li, Xue Feng*, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, and Yidong Huang, “Eight-channel optical add-drop multiplexer with cascaded parent-sub microring resonators”, IEEE Photonics Journal,7(4):7801307,(2015).

[19] Xian Xiao, Xiangdong Li, Xue Feng*, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu,and Yidong Huang, “Designing gallium nitride slot waveguide operating within visible band”, Optical and Quantum Electronics, 47 (12): 3705-3713, (2015).

[20] Hong Zhang, Xue Feng*, Boxun Li, Yu Wang, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Weibei Dou, and Yidong Huang, “Integrated photonic reservoir computing based on hierarchical time-multiplexing structure”, Optics Express, 22(25): 31356–31370 (2014).

[21] Xiangdong Li, Xue Feng*, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, and Yidong Huang, “Integrated silicon modulator based on microring array assisted MZI”, Optics Express, 22 (9):10550-10558,(2014).

[22] Rui Li, Xue Feng, Dengke Zhang, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Yidong Huang, “Radially Polarized Orbital Angular Momentum Beam Emitter Based on Shallow-Ridge Silicon Microring Cavity”, IEEE Photonics Journal, 6 (3): 2200710, (2014).

[23] Dengke Zhang, Xue Feng, Xiangdong Li, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, and Yidong Huang, “Tunable and Reconfigur- able Bandstop Microwave Photonic Filter Based on Integrated Microrings and Mach-Zehnder Interferometer”, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology 31(23):3668-3675, (2013).

[24] Dengke Zhang, Xue Feng, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, and Yidong Huang. “Generating in-plane optical orbital angular momentum beams with silicon waveguides”, IEEE Photonics Journal, 5(2): 2201206, (2013).

[25] Chao Zhang, Xue Feng, Kaiyu Cui, and Yidong Huang, “Plasmonic enhancement of spontaneous emission from wide-linewidth emitters with nanostrip metallic waveguide”, Journal of Applied Physics, 114(5): 053105 (2013).

[26] Keyong Chen, Xue Feng, Chao Zhang, Kaiyu Cui, and Yidong Huang, “Spectral broadening effects of spontaneous emission and density of state on plasmonic enhancement in cermet waveguides”, Optics Express, 21(1): 431–442 (2013).

[27] Hai Yan, Xue Feng, Dengke Zhang, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, and Yidong Huang, “Compact Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers With Parent-Sub Ring Resonators on SOI Substrates”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 25(15):1462-1465, (2013)

[28] Dengke Zhang, Xue Feng, and Yidong Huang, “Encoding and decoding of orbital angular momentum for wireless optical interconnects on chip”, Optics Express, 20(24): 26986-26995 (2012). (As Newsbreaks in Laser Focus World, 48 (12) 12/01/2012 )

[29] Dengke Zhang, Xue Feng, and Yidong Huang, “Tunable and Reconfigurable Bandpass Microwave Photonic Filters Utilizing Integrated Optical Processor on Silicon-On-Insulator Substrate”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 24(17):1502-1505, (2012).

[30] Weiwei Ke, Xue Feng*, and Yidong Huang, “The effect of Si-nanocrystal size distribution on Raman spectrum”, Journal of Applied Physics, 109: 083526, (2011).

Dr. Xue Feng has published more than 140 papers on academic journals and conferences with topics of optoelectronic devices. From 2009, he is dedicated to the integrated optoelectronic devices with nano/micro structure on silicon platform. The main research interests include:
Integrated orbital angular momentum (OAM) emitter and noval optoelectronic device on silicon substrate.
Universal linear optical operations on discrete phase-coherent spatial modes and the applications on both classical and quantum computing.

No content

No content

No content

No content